Phishing

“Phishing” is a form of Internet fraud where criminals aim to steal valuable information such as credit cards, social security numbers, user IDs and passwords for bank accounts. They set up a fake website which looks identical to a legitimate company such as a bank or insurance company.

To protect against phishing - anti virus, anti malware & anti spyware - keep up to date 

Describe a telecommunications service that can be used to

help business have multiple people within a telephone call. [2] 

Voip - Voice other Internet Protocol software's such as skype offer services that can be used to allow businesses have multiple people in a telephone call at once. With this the users will speak into a microphone and the service converts this speech into a format that can be transferred over the internet to the other people in the call. Therefore allowing multiple recipients to be involved in the call.  

Manufacturing and ICT

ICT has led to automation within manafacturing, this is due to developments from ICT such as; ndustrial robots, programmable logic controllers, computer networks for co-ordinating the production process. Input / output devices and a whole array of sensors.

This has been done because: 

Reduced piece cost over the life time of the production plant

Higher quality

More consistent quality

Can run 24 hours a day

Very fast

Improved reliability

Huge volumes can be produced in a short time

Wireless Communication Methods

Infrared Communications
It is found in remote controls for televisions, DVD players and most other entertainment devices.
The key component of an infrared system is an infrared LED (Light Emitting Diode) to emit the light and a photo-diode in the television or equipment to receive the light.
A digital code within the controller switches the light on and off, this is then picked up as a digital code at the other end. The communication standard is called 'IrDA' short for Infrared Digital Association and it allows wire-less communication between Mouse, keyboard, joysticks, gamepads etc.

Advantages	Disadvantages
Inexpensive compared to other technologies	Only works line-of-sight
Works over a moderate bandwidth 115 kbps	Short range - a few metres
Works well over a short distance	Low bandwidth

Laser Communication Methods

This method uses high power laser beams to transmit light signals.

Uses:

• Campus wide communication
• Emergency data links (disaster relief etc)
• Outdoor events requiring high speed data feeds
• Building - to - Building communication
• Satellite to Satellite communication
• Backup network in case main cabled network fails

Advantages	Disadvantages
Wide bandwidth compared to infrared	Affected by weather
Can be set up quickly (compared to laying cable)	Requires line-of-sight to work

Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a type of short range radio communication and networking protocol combined.

It was developed so devices close to one another could exchange data.

Uses: 

• Hands-free mobile telephone calls
• Short range communication such as a PC and a nearby bluetooth enabled printer
• Transferring files, contact details and calendar appointments between devices
• Connection to measurement devices, medical equipment, GPS receivers, bar code scanners
• Connection to industrial and medical sensors

Wireless Communication

This form of communication makes use of radio waves in order to transmit and receive information.

Uses: 

• Connecting to an organisation's Local Area Network
• Connecting to the Internet through a hotspot
• Smartphones and PDA connecting to the internet
• Wirelessly downloading electronic books into a reader
• Wirelessly streaming music throughout a home
• Wi-Fi enabled printers
• Games consoles to connect to the Internet

Advantages	Disadvantages
No need for physical cables	Slower than cabled networks e.g. 54 Mbps compared to the 1000 Gbps that Gigabit Ethernet offers
The laptop or device can work anywhere within range of a WAP	Requires a Wireless Access Point (WAP) to be present
Can work through walls and on different floors as long as the radio signal is not too weak	Requires encryption to ensure data privacy
Smartphones can roam the Internet through the home network without incurring expensive 3G charges	It can only support a limited number of simultaneous connections so not so good as a company-wide LAN
Sufficient bandwidth for most Internet use although streaming video is more of a challenge_blue	Performance depends on the structure of the building and any obstacles there may be weakening the radio signal
Wi-Fi certified devices are guaranteed to be compatible

Coaxial Cable - This consists of a solid copper core surrounded by insulation which is then surrounded by a copper shielding and finally covered with a plastic sheath. Coaxial cable is widely used for television wiring as it has enough bandwidth to handle a television signal over a typical run from antenna to television.
Early computer networks also used coaxial cable with a bandwidth of 10Mbps. But for high speed networks (100 Mbps and above) coax cable is no longer sufficient


Twisted Pair Cable - There are 8 colour-coded wires with each related pair twisted around one another. Twisting it in this way reduces signal loss over any given length of cable.
Twisted pair cable is widely used in 100 Mbps and 1 Gbps networks. In order to guarantee the performance of the cable.


Fibre Optics - fibre optic cable works by a light signal being 'launched' at one end of the glass thread core. The light is reflected internally down the fibre until it reaches the other end. Light sensitive electronics then pick up the signal.
The downside of fibre is the cost - it is more expensive that ordinary UTP network cable therefore it is only cost-effective if there is a very high bandwidth requirement or if the network has very long cable runs.
If fibre-optic could be laid from the telephone exchange right up to the house then broadband bandwidth of 100 Mbps is quite possible. At the moment fibre-to-cabinet is the norm in the UK, where it is fibre from the exchange to the nearest junction box, then normal copper cable to the home.


Wireless signal - Connection between computer and router is achieved using radio waves.
This has the strong advantage of not requiring cables to be laid through a building. On the other hand radio is very prone to being weakened by walls and other objects.
The bandwidth of a wireless network is lower than a physical network.

Network Components

State two purposes for each of the following network components:

a) Switch
-  Can store the addresses of each device network.
- Connects multiple network devices.
- Can be used for multiple computers to send information in and out of a network.

b) Network interface card
- Allows data packets to travel back and forth between computer and network. (Connects device to network)
-

c) Repeater
- Extends range of network
-

Justify why you would use the following: 

Intranet : An Intranet is a private computer network that is only accessible to authorised users on specific computers. Therefore intranets would be used by many organisation/businesses to allow users to share and view information. This information is then secure from outside users as only authorised users can access it. For example an intranet for a university may be offering many services that are available to students only. No one else on the web can access this information as they require the login details. Therefore you may choose to use an intranet as commercial or confidential information can be kept secure within an organisation, an intranet is very secure. There is no connection limits like the internet, and information specifically tailored to the organisations staff/students needs can be added/published that only they will be able to view.
Therefore, an intranet should be used within a school or organisation where information should only be available to students/staff and remain confidential. This is because an intranet can keep the network secure and allow only authorised users to gain access and view the confidential information. I would also use an intranet for schools/businesses because it will information to be shared with just authorised users,  for example chat rooms or email systems could;d be used within the intranet allowing employees to easily be able to share information with each other.

Extranet: An Extranet is where people from outside the organisation can connect to the internal intranet. For example, employees on business travel may use an extranet so they can still access information on their company's intranet. You could do this via two methods; through a mobile phone